| The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world's movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large 'comfortable' classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand 'shareholding' meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. | |
| 有限责任公司和市营企业的发展意义重大。资金和企业的这种大规模、非个人的运作极大地促进了作为一个阶层的股东人数的增加，增强了他们的重要性；股东阶层是国民中的一部分，代表了不需承担责任的财富从地产和土地所有者的责任中的分离，几乎也同样代表了从企业负责任的管理中的分离。整个十九世纪，美洲、非洲、印度、澳大利亚和欧洲的部分地区都靠英国的资金发展，而英国的股东则因世界性的工业化而大发其财。像Bournmouth和Eastbourne这样的城镇迅速发展起来，为大批“享乐”阶层提供了住所，而这些人靠自己的丰厚收入过着隐居生活，这些人除了分取红利、偶尔参加股东大会向管理人员发号施令外，他们与外界没有任何联系。另一方面，“股权”意味着悠闲和自由，而这正是维多利亚时代后期许多人视之为伟大文明的最高目标。 |
| The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world' s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large ' comfortable' classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand ' shareholding' meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. | |
| you xian ze ren gong si he shi ying qi ye de fa zhan yi yi zhong da. zi jin he qi ye de zhe zhong da gui mo fei ge ren de yun zuo ji da di cu jin le zuo wei yi ge jie ceng de gu dong ren shu de zeng jia, zeng qiang le ta men de zhong yao xing gu dong jie ceng shi guo min zhong de yi bu fen, dai biao liao bu xu cheng dan ze ren de cai fu cong di chan he tu di suo you zhe de ze ren zhong de fen li, ji hu ye tong yang dai biao le cong qi ye fu ze ren de guan li zhong de fen li. zheng ge shi jiu shi ji, mei zhou fei zhou yin du ao da li ya he ou zhou de bu fen di qu dou kao ying guo de zi jin fa zhan, er ying guo de gu dong ze yin shi jie xing de gong ye hua er da fa qi cai. xiang Bournmouth he Eastbourne zhe yang de cheng zhen xun su fa zhan qi lai, wei da pi" xiang le" jie ceng ti gong le zhu suo, er zhei xie ren kao zi ji de feng hou shou ru guo zhe yin ju sheng huo, zhei xie ren chu le fen qu hong li ou er can jia gu dong da hui xiang guan li ren yuan fa hao shi ling wai, ta men yu wai jie mei you ren he lian xi. ling yi fang mian," gu quan" yi wei zhe you xian he zi you, er zhe zheng shi wei duo li ya shi dai hou qi xu duo ren shi zhi wei wei da wen ming de zui gao mu biao. |
| The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the 19th century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world' s movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large ' comfortable' classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand ' shareholding' meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization. | |
| yǒu xiàn zé rèn gōng sī hé shì yíng qǐ yè de fā zhǎn yì yì zhòng dà. zī jīn hé qǐ yè de zhè zhǒng dà guī mó fēi gè rén de yùn zuò jí dà dì cù jìn le zuò wéi yí gè jiē céng de gǔ dōng rén shù de zēng jiā, zēng qiáng le tā men de zhòng yào xìng gǔ dōng jiē céng shì guó mín zhōng de yī bù fen, dài biǎo liǎo bù xū chéng dān zé rèn de cái fù cóng dì chǎn hé tǔ dì suǒ yǒu zhě de zé rèn zhōng de fēn lí, jī hū yě tóng yàng dài biǎo le cóng qǐ yè fù zé rèn de guǎn lǐ zhōng de fēn lí. zhěng gè shí jiǔ shì jì, měi zhōu fēi zhōu yìn dù ào dà lì yà hé ōu zhōu de bù fèn dì qū dōu kào yīng guó de zī jīn fà zhǎn, ér yīng guó de gǔ dōng zé yīn shì jiè xìng de gōng yè huà ér dà fā qí cái. xiàng Bournmouth hé Eastbourne zhè yàng de chéng zhèn xùn sù fā zhǎn qǐ lái, wèi dà pī" xiǎng lè" jiē céng tí gōng le zhù suǒ, ér zhèi xiē rén kào zì jǐ de fēng hòu shōu rù guò zhe yǐn jū shēng huó, zhèi xiē rén chú le fēn qǔ hóng lì ǒu ěr cān jiā gǔ dōng dà huì xiàng guǎn lǐ rén yuán fā hào shī lìng wài, tā men yǔ wài jiè méi yǒu rèn hé lián xì. lìng yī fāng miàn," gǔ quán" yì wèi zhe yōu xián hé zì yóu, ér zhè zhèng shì wéi duō lì yà shí dài hòu qī xǔ duō rén shì zhī wèi wěi dà wén míng de zuì gāo mù biāo. |
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