| It was as a politician that John was most obviously a wretched failure. Under his father, the empire had been sustained by a shrewd combination of charisma and feudal loyalty. John's problem was his difficulty in believing that anyone would ever be more than a fair-weather friend. So he relied on blackmail and extortion, threats to the barons rather than promises. Assuming disloyalty, he ended up guaranteeing it. So when John needed the barons most, when Normandy was threatened by the French King, they weren't there for him. The result was a catastrophic defeat. The loss of Normandy ripped the heart out of Angevin power. | |
| 作为政治家来说，再也没有比约翰更加一败涂地的了。其父在位时，这个国家维系于君主的号召力和对封建制度的忠诚，两者间的巧妙结合。约翰的问题在于不信任别人，总是认为别人不过是酒肉之交。对待贵族，他只崇尚敲诈勒索和胁迫，宁我负天下人，莫让天下人负我。结果却事与愿违，当诺曼底受到法王威胁，约翰最需要他们的紧要关头。贵族们却没有伸出援手，最终导致了灾难性的失败，痛失诺曼底令安茹王朝元气大伤。 |
| It was as a politician that John was most obviously a wretched failure. Under his father, the empire had been sustained by a shrewd combination of charisma and feudal loyalty. John' s problem was his difficulty in believing that anyone would ever be more than a fairweather friend. So he relied on blackmail and extortion, threats to the barons rather than promises. Assuming disloyalty, he ended up guaranteeing it. So when John needed the barons most, when Normandy was threatened by the French King, they weren' t there for him. The result was a catastrophic defeat. The loss of Normandy ripped the heart out of Angevin power. | |
| zuo wei zheng zhi jia lai shuo, zai ye mei you bi yue han geng jia yi bai tu di de le. qi fu zai wei shi, zhe ge guo jia wei xi yu jun zhu de hao zhao li he dui feng jian zhi du de zhong cheng, liang zhe jian de qiao miao jie he. yue han de wen ti zai yu bu xin ren bie ren, zong shi ren wei bie ren bu guo shi jiu rou zhi jiao. dui dai gui zu, ta zhi chong shang qiao zha le suo he xie po, ning wo fu tian xia ren, mo rang tian xia ren fu wo. jie guo que shi yu yuan wei, dang nuo man di shou dao fa wang wei xie, yue han zui xu yao ta men de jin yao guan tou. gui zu men que mei you shen chu yuan shou, zui zhong dao zhi le zai nan xing de shi bai, tong shi nuo man di ling an ru wang chao yuan qi da shang. |
| It was as a politician that John was most obviously a wretched failure. Under his father, the empire had been sustained by a shrewd combination of charisma and feudal loyalty. John' s problem was his difficulty in believing that anyone would ever be more than a fairweather friend. So he relied on blackmail and extortion, threats to the barons rather than promises. Assuming disloyalty, he ended up guaranteeing it. So when John needed the barons most, when Normandy was threatened by the French King, they weren' t there for him. The result was a catastrophic defeat. The loss of Normandy ripped the heart out of Angevin power. | |
| zuò wéi zhèng zhì jiā lái shuō, zài yě méi yǒu bǐ yuē hàn gèng jiā yī bài tú dì de le. qí fù zài wèi shí, zhè gè guó jiā wéi xì yú jūn zhǔ de hào zhào lì hé duì fēng jiàn zhì dù de zhōng chéng, liǎng zhě jiān de qiǎo miào jié hé. yuē hàn de wèn tí zài yú bù xìn rèn bié rén, zǒng shì rèn wéi bié rén bù guò shì jiǔ ròu zhī jiāo. duì dài guì zú, tā zhǐ chóng shàng qiāo zhà lè suǒ hé xié pò, níng wǒ fù tiān xià rén, mò ràng tiān xià rén fù wǒ. jié guǒ què shì yǔ yuàn wéi, dāng nuò màn dǐ shòu dào fǎ wáng wēi xié, yuē hàn zuì xū yào tā men de jǐn yào guān tóu. guì zú men què méi yǒu shēn chū yuán shǒu, zuì zhōng dǎo zhì le zāi nàn xìng de shī bài, tòng shī nuò màn dǐ lìng ān rú wáng cháo yuán qì dà shāng. |
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