| Observing Behaviors. Good morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behavior in research. Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behavior every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be life-threatening. We learn by observing people's behavior. Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behavior, but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events. Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping. Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? | |
| 大家上午好！今天我们将谈谈如何在研究中观察行为。也许你会说这很容易,没有什么特别。是的,你也许是对的。我们所有人每天都在观察行为。例如,在另一个国家旅行时,我们可以通过观察人们在该国的行为举止而行动以避免尴尬。但是一边步行或驾驶一边又在观察是会危及生命的行为。我们在观察人们的行为中学习着。研究人员过于依赖他们的观察以至于无法从行为中获得学习,但那也是有差别的。例如,当我们在走马观花的时候,我们可能无法意识到左右我们观察行为的因素；然而，当我们很少经常记录我们观测到的事物时，我们依赖的是对事件的记忆。另一方面，在研究中的观察是有严格的特定的条件的,也就是说,它是以一个系统的和客观的方式被仔细记录下来的。那么，我们在调查研究中将如何进行观察？我们需要怎么做才能够做到科学和客观的观察? |
| Observing Behaviors. Good morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behavior in research. Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behavior every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be lifethreatening. We learn by observing people' s behavior. Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behavior, but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events. Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping. Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? | |
| da jia shang wu hao! jin tian wo men jiang tan tan ru he zai yan jiu zhong guan cha xing wei. ye xu ni hui shuo zhe hen rong yi, mei you shen me te bie. shi de, ni ye xu shi dui de. wo men suo you ren mei tian du zai guan cha xing wei. li ru, zai ling yi ge guo jia lv xing shi, wo men ke yi tong guo guan cha ren men zai gai guo de xing wei ju zhi er xing dong yi bi mian gan ga. dan shi yi bian bu xing huo jia shi yi bian you zai guan cha shi hui wei ji sheng ming de xing wei. wo men zai guan cha ren men de xing wei zhong xue xi zhe. yan jiu ren yuan guo yu yi lai ta men de guan cha yi zhi yu wu fa cong xing wei zhong huo de xue xi, dan na ye shi you cha bie de. li ru, dang wo men zai zou ma guan hua de shi hou, wo men ke neng wu fa yi shi dao zuo you wo men guan cha xing wei de yin su ran er, dang wo men hen shao jing chang ji lu wo men guan ce dao de shi wu shi, wo men yi lai de shi dui shi jian de ji yi. ling yi fang mian, zai yan jiu zhong de guan cha shi you yan ge de te ding de tiao jian de, ye jiu shi shuo, ta shi yi yi ge xi tong de he ke guan de fang shi bei zi xi ji lu xia lai de. na me, wo men zai diao cha yan jiu zhong jiang ru he jin xing guan cha? wo men xu yao zen me zuo cai neng gou zuo dao ke xue he ke guan de guan cha? |
| Observing Behaviors. Good morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behavior in research. Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behavior every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be lifethreatening. We learn by observing people' s behavior. Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behavior, but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events. Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping. Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? | |
| dà jiā shàng wǔ hǎo! jīn tiān wǒ men jiāng tán tán rú hé zài yán jiū zhōng guān chá xíng wéi. yě xǔ nǐ huì shuō zhè hěn róng yì, méi yǒu shén me tè bié. shì de, nǐ yě xǔ shì duì de. wǒ men suǒ yǒu rén měi tiān dū zài guān chá xíng wéi. lì rú, zài lìng yí gè guó jiā lǚ xíng shí, wǒ men kě yǐ tōng guò guān chá rén men zài gāi guó de xíng wéi jǔ zhǐ ér xíng dòng yǐ bì miǎn gān gà. dàn shì yī biān bù xíng huò jià shǐ yī biān yòu zài guān chá shì huì wēi jí shēng mìng de xíng wéi. wǒ men zài guān chá rén men de xíng wéi zhōng xué xí zhe. yán jiū rén yuán guò yú yī lài tā men de guān chá yǐ zhì yú wú fǎ cóng xíng wéi zhōng huò dé xué xí, dàn nà yě shì yǒu chā bié de. lì rú, dāng wǒ men zài zǒu mǎ guān huā de shí hòu, wǒ men kě néng wú fǎ yì shí dào zuǒ yòu wǒ men guān chá xíng wéi de yīn sù rán ér, dāng wǒ men hěn shǎo jīng cháng jì lù wǒ men guān cè dào de shì wù shí, wǒ men yī lài de shì duì shì jiàn de jì yì. lìng yī fāng miàn, zài yán jiū zhōng de guān chá shì yǒu yán gé de tè dìng de tiáo jiàn de, yě jiù shì shuō, tā shì yǐ yí gè xì tǒng de hé kè guān de fāng shì bèi zǐ xì jì lù xià lái de. nà me, wǒ men zài diào chá yán jiū zhōng jiàng rú hé jìn xíng guān chá? wǒ men xū yào zěn me zuò cái néng gòu zuò dào kē xué hé kè guān de guān chá? |
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