On the twelfth of April, Confederate guns opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor thus beginning the bloodiest conflict in American History -- 620,000 casulties -- more than all other American wars combined 62 The Civil War remains this nation's single most defining experience ultimately giving new meaning to the word "Freedom" Walt Whitman, a young newspaperman destined to become America's greatest poet wrote: "Future years will never know the seething hell “ and the black infernal background of this war -- and it is best they should not-- the real war will never get in the books."